tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73475907640933381282024-02-01T23:03:38.334-08:00Law for Writers - Stephen TerrellStephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.comBlogger124125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-80013615820240416642018-01-28T07:40:00.000-08:002018-01-28T07:40:57.207-08:00The Law And You: What Writers Need To Know<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I recently gave a presentation to the Speed City Chapter of Sisters in Crime on "What Writers Should Know About the Law." Although the program was only an hour long, we only touched on a small percentage of the materials I prepared.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I've broken the materials down to post them in several separate posts on this blog. This information is for general purposes for assisting those who write stories and novels dealing with the legal system and legal issues. It is a guide only -- a starting point. This is not legal advice. Specific laws and procedures differ from state to state.</span><br />
<span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span style="font-size: 36px; letter-spacing: 0.4px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span style="font-size: 36px; letter-spacing: 0.4px;">The Law And You: </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span style="font-size: 36px; letter-spacing: 0.4px;">What Writers Need To Know</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span style="font-size: 36px; letter-spacing: 0.4px;">PART I</span></span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<h1 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 120%;">BOOKS AND
MOVIES THAT GET THE LAW RIGHT<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Michael Connelly’s Lincoln Lawyer books<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Scott Turow, Presumed Innocent<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">My Cousin Vinney<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Bleak House<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Grisham’s<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Client, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rainmaker & Gray Mountain<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Anatomy of a Murder<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h1 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 120%;">BOOKS AND
MOVIES THAT GET THE LAW WRONG<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Legally Blonde<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Double Jeopardy<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Runaway Jury<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">The Verdict<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Double Jeopardy<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h1 style="mso-list: none; text-indent: 0in;">
3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.7pt; line-height: 120%; text-indent: -0.25in;">TIPS</span></h1>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Don’t get your law from television or movies<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Don’t make stuff up because it makes your writing
easier<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">If you’re writing a detective story or thriller,
you can avoid the legal system. Example: James Lee Burke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">If you’re going to write about the legal system:<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">All trials are public. You can just walk in and
sit down (sometimes you have to go through an office or only enter or exit at
certain times so you don’t disrupt the proceedings).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Exception:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Juvenile proceedings are closed to public.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>ii.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Sit in on trials at your local court house. Watch
the proceedings. Observe how lawyers and judges interact; the various ways
lawyers handle witnesses; if a jury trial, watch the jury and how they react to
what’s going on.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>iii.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Call up a local lawyer or even a judge, tell them
what you’re doing and ask if you can buy them lunch and talk about the
law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many, probably most, trail lawyers
and judges are story tellers. They like to tell war stories. If you make an
appointment and tell the judge or lawyer it will take 15 minutes – DO NOT take
more than 15 minutes unless you are invited to do so. Prepare. Have specific
questions. Don’t just ask: “Tell me about trying a case.”<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h1 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 120%;">civil V.
CRIMINAL LAW<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Next"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Next";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Civil cases:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Disputes between private parties, or between government
and private party seeking non-criminal penalties<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Next"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Next";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Burden of proof:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Preponderance of Evidence, meaning “more
likely than not.”<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Next"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Next";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>ii.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Generally, Jury (or judge in bench trial)
returns verdict of liability (or non-liability) and awards damages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A person is not found “guilty” in a civil
case. <o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Next"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Next";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>iii.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Examples:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>car accidents; breach of contract, real estate disputes, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h2 style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Next"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Next";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Criminal Cases:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>State or Federal Government seeking to
convict person of breaking the law, imposing a criminal penalty of
imprisonment, fines or both.<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Next"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Next";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Burden of proof:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beyond a Reasonable Doubt.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="375">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="2" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Unresolved Mention"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Cambria;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Avenir Medium";
panose-1:2 0 6 3 2 0 0 2 0 3;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-2147483473 1342185546 0 0 155 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Avenir Next";
panose-1:2 11 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-2147483601 1342185546 0 0 155 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
margin-left:.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
color:#707070;
mso-themecolor:accent1;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
h1
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 1 Char";
margin-top:30.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:3.0pt;
margin-left:.25in;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:1;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
font-size:13.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.7pt;
mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-weight:normal;}
h2
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 2 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
margin-left:.5in;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:2;
mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-weight:normal;}
h3
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 3 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:.75in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:3;
mso-list:l0 level3 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#707070;
mso-themecolor:accent1;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-weight:normal;}
h4
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 4 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:1.0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:4;
mso-list:l0 level4 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#707070;
mso-themecolor:accent1;
letter-spacing:.3pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:italic;}
h5
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 5 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:1.25in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:5;
mso-list:l0 level5 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
letter-spacing:.3pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:italic;
mso-bidi-font-style:normal;}
h6
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 6 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:1.5in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:6;
mso-list:l0 level6 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
letter-spacing:.6pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-weight:normal;}
p.MsoHeading7, li.MsoHeading7, div.MsoHeading7
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 7 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:1.75in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:7;
mso-list:l0 level7 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
mso-bidi-font-style:italic;}
p.MsoHeading8, li.MsoHeading8, div.MsoHeading8
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 8 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:2.0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:8;
mso-list:l0 level8 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#626262;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-themetint:191;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-style:italic;
mso-bidi-font-style:normal;}
p.MsoHeading9, li.MsoHeading9, div.MsoHeading9
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 9 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:2.25in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:9;
mso-list:l0 level9 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#626262;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-themetint:191;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
mso-bidi-font-style:italic;}
span.Heading1Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 1 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 1";
mso-ansi-font-size:13.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.7pt;}
span.Heading2Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 2 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 2";
mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;}
span.Heading3Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 3 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 3";
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;}
span.Heading4Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 4 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 4";
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
letter-spacing:.3pt;
font-style:italic;}
span.Heading5Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 5 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 5";
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
letter-spacing:.3pt;
font-style:italic;
mso-bidi-font-style:normal;}
span.Heading6Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 6 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 6";
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
letter-spacing:.6pt;}
span.Heading7Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 7 Char";
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 7";
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-bidi-font-style:italic;}
span.Heading8Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 8 Char";
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 8";
mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#626262;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-themetint:191;
font-style:italic;
mso-bidi-font-style:normal;}
span.Heading9Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 9 Char";
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 9";
mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#626262;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-themetint:191;
mso-bidi-font-style:italic;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
color:#707070;
mso-themecolor:accent1;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
margin-left:.25in;
line-height:120%;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:1224412730;
mso-list-template-ids:-689431586;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-style-link:"Heading 1";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:.25in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level2
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-upper;
mso-level-style-link:"Heading 2";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:.5in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level3
{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
mso-level-style-link:"Heading 3";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:right;
margin-left:.75in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level4
{mso-level-style-link:"Heading 4";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:1.0in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level5
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-style-link:"Heading 5";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:1.25in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level6
{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
mso-level-style-link:"Heading 6";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:right;
margin-left:1.5in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level7
{mso-level-style-link:"Heading 7";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:1.75in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level8
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-style-link:"Heading 8";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:2.0in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level9
{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
mso-level-style-link:"Heading 9";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:right;
margin-left:2.25in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}
-->
</style>
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:6.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#707070;
mso-themecolor:accent1;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Next"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Next";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>ii.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Next",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Examples:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Murder, Rape, Burglary, Money Laudering, Kidnaping, Drug offenses.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="375">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="2" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Unresolved Mention"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Cambria;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Avenir Medium";
panose-1:2 0 6 3 2 0 0 2 0 3;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-2147483473 1342185546 0 0 155 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Times New Roman \(Headings CS\)";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:auto;
mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
margin-left:.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
color:#707070;
mso-themecolor:accent1;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
h1
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 1 Char";
margin-top:30.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:3.0pt;
margin-left:.25in;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:1;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
font-size:13.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.7pt;
mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-weight:normal;}
h2
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 2 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
margin-left:.5in;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:2;
mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-weight:normal;}
h3
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 3 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:.75in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:3;
mso-list:l0 level3 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#707070;
mso-themecolor:accent1;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-weight:normal;}
h4
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 4 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:1.0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:4;
mso-list:l0 level4 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#707070;
mso-themecolor:accent1;
letter-spacing:.3pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:italic;}
h5
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 5 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:1.25in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:5;
mso-list:l0 level5 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
letter-spacing:.3pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:italic;
mso-bidi-font-style:normal;}
h6
{mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 6 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:1.5in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:6;
mso-list:l0 level6 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
letter-spacing:.6pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-weight:normal;}
p.MsoHeading7, li.MsoHeading7, div.MsoHeading7
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 7 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:1.75in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:7;
mso-list:l0 level7 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
mso-bidi-font-style:italic;}
p.MsoHeading8, li.MsoHeading8, div.MsoHeading8
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 8 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:2.0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:8;
mso-list:l0 level8 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#626262;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-themetint:191;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
font-style:italic;
mso-bidi-font-style:normal;}
p.MsoHeading9, li.MsoHeading9, div.MsoHeading9
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 9 Char";
margin-top:2.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:2.25in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
mso-outline-level:9;
mso-list:l0 level9 lfo1;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#626262;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-themetint:191;
mso-fareast-language:JA;
mso-bidi-font-style:italic;}
span.Heading1Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 1 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 1";
mso-ansi-font-size:13.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.7pt;}
span.Heading2Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 2 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 2";
mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;}
span.Heading3Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 3 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 3";
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;}
span.Heading4Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 4 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 4";
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
letter-spacing:.3pt;
font-style:italic;}
span.Heading5Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 5 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 5";
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
letter-spacing:.3pt;
font-style:italic;
mso-bidi-font-style:normal;}
span.Heading6Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 6 Char";
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 6";
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
letter-spacing:.6pt;}
span.Heading7Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 7 Char";
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 7";
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-bidi-font-style:italic;}
span.Heading8Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 8 Char";
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 8";
mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#626262;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-themetint:191;
font-style:italic;
mso-bidi-font-style:normal;}
span.Heading9Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 9 Char";
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:9;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 9";
mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#626262;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-themetint:191;
mso-bidi-font-style:italic;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
color:#707070;
mso-themecolor:accent1;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
margin-left:.25in;
line-height:120%;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:1224412730;
mso-list-template-ids:-689431586;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-style-link:"Heading 1";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:.25in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level2
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-upper;
mso-level-style-link:"Heading 2";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:.5in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level3
{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
mso-level-style-link:"Heading 3";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:right;
margin-left:.75in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level4
{mso-level-style-link:"Heading 4";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:1.0in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level5
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-style-link:"Heading 5";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:1.25in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level6
{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
mso-level-style-link:"Heading 6";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:right;
margin-left:1.5in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level7
{mso-level-style-link:"Heading 7";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:1.75in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level8
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-style-link:"Heading 8";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
margin-left:2.0in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level9
{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
mso-level-style-link:"Heading 9";
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:right;
margin-left:2.25in;
text-indent:-.25in;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}
-->
</style>
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:6.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#707070;
mso-themecolor:accent1;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<h1>
<span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 120%;">FEDERAL
V. STATE LAW<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h2>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Two entirely separate systems<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h2>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">STATE LAW / COURTS<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">50 different systems that often are very
different, with different procedures, terms and substantive law. <o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h4>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">All state law is rooted in
English common law – except for Louisiana, which is rooted in the Napoleonic
Code of 1804.<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">50 different criminal codes and 50 different civil
codes<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">50 different sets of trial rules, criminal
procedure rules, probate codes and rules of evidence, although most (but not
all states) now use the federal rules of civil procedure and federal rules of
evidence as the basis, but with significant modifications from state to state,
as well as significant differences in interpretation of the same rules.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>iv.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">System of selection of judges differs
significantly. Indiana, trial judges are elected (required to be lawyers);
appellate judges appointed through a process of application, selection of three
applicants by a commission, and selection from the three by the governor.
Retention ballot after 2 years, then every 10 years after.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h2>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">C.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">FEDERAL LAW / COURTS<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Not every case is a federal case.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Separate Federal Court systems, <o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h4>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Trial level: each state has District Courts. How many
courts and how many districts vary by population.<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h5>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%;"> Indiana has 2 districts, Northern District
with courts in South Bend, Hammond, Fort Wayne and Lafayette; Southern District
with courts in Indianapolis, Terre Haute, Evansville and New Albany<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<h4>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Appellate level: US Circuit Court of Appeals – second highest
next to Supreme Court.<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h5>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%;">Currently 12 Circuit Courts of
Appeal, 11 numbered plus DC Circuit Court of Appeals.<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<h5>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%;">Indiana is in 7<sup>th</sup>
Circuit, which sits in Chicago and includes Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<h4>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-themecolor: accent2;">All Federal Judges –
District Court, Circuit Court & </span><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headings CS\)"; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Supreme Court -- are appointed for life</span><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headings CS\)"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h5>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headings CS\)";">Removable only by impeachment<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<h5>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headings CS\)";">Referred to as Article II judges, as the lifetime
appointment is provided for in Article II of the US Constitution<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<h5>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Headings CS\)";">Appointed by President, with confirmation by U.S. Senate<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Criminal cases:
charged in federal court only for violation of federal law. <o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h4>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">EXAMPLES: <o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h5>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%;">Kidnapping was not a federal
crime – until Lindbergh baby case. Congress made it a federal crime when
crossed state lines.<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<h5>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%;">Until 1964, murder of a
President was not a federal crime.<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<h5>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%;">RICO – Federal Racketeer
Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act.<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<h5>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%;">Money Laundering (including the
$10,000 cash limits)<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<h4>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Same acts may violate both state
and federal law (example: drug crimes, Oklahoma City bombing; Boston Marathon
bombing)<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h4>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Federal law does allow capital
punishment – with executions conducted in Federal Prison in Terre Haute<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h3 style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.75in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>iv.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">Federal Civil cases: Jurisdiction in federal cases can be very
complex. Basics:<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h4>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Statute gives jurisdiction for
the claim (examples: Anti-trust; Patent
infringement; civil rights; housing discrimination, etc – although many of
these statutes also gives jurisdiction to state courts.<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h4>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Diversity<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h5>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%;">The parties are all from
separate states (hence “diverse”). <o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<h6 style="mso-list: l0 level6 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 120%;">This is actually very complex so unless you want
to go to law school and study federal jurisdiction, stay away from this issue
in your writing.<o:p></o:p></span></h6>
<h5>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Avenir Medium"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Avenir Medium";">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Avenir Medium"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 120%;">And the amount in controversy is
more than $75,000 (this amount changes periodically).<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<!--EndFragment--><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Cambria;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
margin-left:.25in;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
color:#707070;
mso-themecolor:accent1;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
p.MsoTitle, li.MsoTitle, div.MsoTitle
{mso-style-priority:2;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Title Char";
margin-top:12.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
border:none;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black 6.0pt;
mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;
padding:0in;
mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 10.0pt;
font-size:27.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:28.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.3pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
p.MsoTitleCxSpFirst, li.MsoTitleCxSpFirst, div.MsoTitleCxSpFirst
{mso-style-priority:2;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Title Char";
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:12.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
border:none;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black 6.0pt;
mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;
padding:0in;
mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 10.0pt;
font-size:27.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:28.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.3pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
p.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle, li.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle, div.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle
{mso-style-priority:2;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Title Char";
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
border:none;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black 6.0pt;
mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;
padding:0in;
mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 10.0pt;
font-size:27.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:28.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.3pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
p.MsoTitleCxSpLast, li.MsoTitleCxSpLast, div.MsoTitleCxSpLast
{mso-style-priority:2;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-link:"Title Char";
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
line-height:120%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
border:none;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black 6.0pt;
mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;
padding:0in;
mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 10.0pt;
font-size:27.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:28.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.3pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
span.TitleChar
{mso-style-name:"Title Char";
mso-style-priority:2;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:Title;
mso-ansi-font-size:27.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:28.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
color:#2E2E2E;
mso-themecolor:accent2;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.3pt;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Cambria",serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
color:#707070;
mso-themecolor:accent1;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
margin-left:.25in;
line-height:120%;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
-->
</style>Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-16261133499118064522017-07-25T12:17:00.002-07:002017-07-25T12:17:55.575-07:00Court Rejects Lawyer's Copyright Claim for Indy Skyline Photo -- At Least For Now<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">A recent Indiana Federal District Court decision carries a lesson for copyright trolls, but also for those who simply grab photos from the internet for use in websites and elsewhere.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">On July 24, the Court denied summary judgment to both sides in a dispute over whether the defendant violated a lawyer's copyright in a photo of the Indianapolis skyline.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Indianapolis lawyer Richard Bell has been suing hundreds of people for copyright infringement for using the photo </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">of the Indianapolis skyline</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> on their websites, blogs and elsewhere, without payment (some would say tribute"). But turns out, he may not have the copyright on the photo after all. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">That's the position of the defendant, forensic consultant Michael Maloney. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">There is no question that Bell took the photo in 2000 with his own camera. There is no question that he filed to copyright the photo in 2011. two years after he left his longtime employment with Indianapolis law firm Cohen & Malad.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">But at the time Bell took the photo, he was employed by Cohen and Malad. He took the photo for the firm's website, which was being compiled by West Publishing. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Because Bell took the photo while employed at Cohen & Malad, an issue of fact exists as to whether it was a "work for hire" and that the copyright belonged to the law firm, not the lawyer who took the photo. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Work for hire is a basic doctrine of copyright and patent law. When a staff scientist invents an better widget, the scientist doesn't own the patent. Instead it belongs to the company who employed him. Same is true with a staff writer who authors an article for a magazine. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The case of Bell v. Michael Maloney will now be set for trial in the United States District Court in Indianapolis, at which time ownership of the copyright will be determined.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">LESSONS: There are several important lessons in this case.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">1. Most importantly, it reaffirms the importance of having ownership or a license for the art work you use on your website, blog or elsewhere. You cannot simply copy a photo from someone else's website and use it. That's how Bell was operating his cottage industry of enforcing hefty payments for those who unwittingly used the skyline of Indianapolis photo.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">2. Even if you are successful in defending your use of a photo, it is VERY EXPENSIVE. Defending cases in federal court is not cheap.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">3. If you undertake to write a story or take a photo for someone, or even if you hire someone to design a website for your, make sure you have a contract which specifies whether it is, or is not, a work for hire.</span>Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-22568487490397271712016-03-20T12:55:00.003-07:002016-03-20T12:55:43.662-07:00Gawker Body-Slammed by Hulk Hogan; Privacy Exists for Public Figures<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidhnukJi416A44IhJnTWl8sfRIFuUz04hHTCfyXBwIPnwNUpt_qJPCyBXKTapUaPwx2kDAglnpbKvlsotfwMFV8rzlBBlKV-sjj1WP7c0dEGhOWiHGA57dJuRCE4nhga_rVAE_WYFGgQtj/s1600/hulk+hogan+01.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="389" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidhnukJi416A44IhJnTWl8sfRIFuUz04hHTCfyXBwIPnwNUpt_qJPCyBXKTapUaPwx2kDAglnpbKvlsotfwMFV8rzlBBlKV-sjj1WP7c0dEGhOWiHGA57dJuRCE4nhga_rVAE_WYFGgQtj/s400/hulk+hogan+01.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Terry Bollea a/k/a Hulk Hogan*</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Hulk Hogan -- real name Terry G. Bollea -- delivered a bodyslam of financially fatal magnitude to sensational gossip website Gawker.com and its owner Nick Denton. A Penellis County, Florida jury (Clearwater / St. Petersburg) awarded $115 million damages to Bollea ("Hogan") for economic loss and emotional distress cause by Gawker posting a segment of a grainy black and white of the wrestling megastar having sex with a now former friend's wife back in the mid-2000s.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">For Gawker, the worst may be yet to come. The award was only for economic loss and emotional distress. Yet to come is the punitive damage portion of the trial where Gawker will have to disclose its corporate finances and Denton may have to disclose his personal wealth. And when the jury is done, most of that wealth could end up in the bank account of Hulk Hogan ("Bollea").</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Gawker, Denton and its lawyer were unrepentant in their defense, and remain so after the verdict. They argued that Hogan was a public figure who had made statements making his sex life a matter of public interest. Gawker has already indicated it will appeal.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><i>This is a clear warning show for websites, journalists, writers, gossips, and even those who post on social media.</i></b> The protections for statements about public figures provided by the landmark 1964 New York Times vs. Sullivan Supreme Court decision has its limits. The jury in this case clearly was appalled by Gawker's conduct. It drew a line at posting surreptitiously recorded videos of a person having sex, no matter how much of a public figure they are.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">My thoughts on where this case goes from here? Barring reversible issues on discovery rulings, evidentiary rulings and jury instructions, I expect that Gawker's liability will be upheld, including its liability for eventual punitive damages. However I would be shocked if the courts let a jury verdict in this amount stand. I expect that through post-trial motions, the trial judge will reduce the verdict. On appeal, the appellate courts may whittle away at it further. But when all is said and done, this verdict will still likely put an 8-figure dent in the Gawker bank account.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">* Photo licensed for public use</span>Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-5568015012080727202015-11-10T18:34:00.000-08:002015-11-10T18:34:10.842-08:00Court Rules: No Copyright for Recipes <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYWF54usNEVUK4ltOWLlORxMiejR_aXDiqesXxVcwYchRZQeH2fmj2rk2DXuSre0wjzAjf5kcUJKuhTVcSfe3LWi10oDWTDf-jXFM0UPDd0R1M6_4M5qzR10kfYtvsyaGtRNNd3oC7iNEz/s1600/Thanksgiving+01.jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYWF54usNEVUK4ltOWLlORxMiejR_aXDiqesXxVcwYchRZQeH2fmj2rk2DXuSre0wjzAjf5kcUJKuhTVcSfe3LWi10oDWTDf-jXFM0UPDd0R1M6_4M5qzR10kfYtvsyaGtRNNd3oC7iNEz/s400/Thanksgiving+01.jpeg" width="400" /></a><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Great Aunt Minnie may have had a special sugar cookie recipe that she passed down only with pledges to keep it among the great secrets of the universe. But as treasured as it is, it's not protected by Copyright.<br /><br />A recent ruling by the Sixth Circuit in a case involving former business partners confirmed that the list of ingredients and directions that comprise a recipe are no more protected than the list of names and numbers in a phone book.<br /><br />The dispute arose between former restaurant partners Rosemarie Carroll and Larry Moore. After the pair split the forks, so to speak, Moore copied the recipes in Carroll's “Tomaydo-Tomahhdo Recipe Book”.<br /><br />The Court held that when recipe books add enough additional editorial material, such as photos or anecdotes, the book can be copyrighted as a whole. But that still does not copyright the list of ingredients and basic directions, which the Court equated to an alphabetical listing in the white pages of a phone book.<br /><br />So feel free to share all those Thanksgiving recipes!</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span>
<br />Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-76736750003401646632014-09-02T09:22:00.000-07:002014-09-02T09:36:11.978-07:00Teacher Suspended, Travel Restricted, Police Raid Home -- for Writing Novel <br />
Sometimes you wonder if those who run police departments, those who run our schools, have <br />
ever read the First Amendment. Indeed, sometimes you wonder if they have ever read anything at all.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZQ30xJy2n0wVeDESeg5OiLlg5Lo_aJzrbhh_FIgP6KvZZJZ__l4nXzzxs3mrd8EZkEffbsx3cVR9hRQIjalJU5HSHRoVv76fMhAuuMFvgjA7nIGRJQYyfNriKjhCGdyphMWb8rwJP10Ju/s1600/insurectionist.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZQ30xJy2n0wVeDESeg5OiLlg5Lo_aJzrbhh_FIgP6KvZZJZ__l4nXzzxs3mrd8EZkEffbsx3cVR9hRQIjalJU5HSHRoVv76fMhAuuMFvgjA7nIGRJQYyfNriKjhCGdyphMWb8rwJP10Ju/s1600/insurectionist.jpg" height="320" width="320" /></a>A teacher has been suspended, taken into custody and subjected to psychiatric examination. Where did such an outrage occur? The Soviet Union in the days of Solzhenitsyn? North Korea? Maybe Iran?<br />
<br />
Nope. It took place just a few days ago in Maryland. Maryland in the Good Ol' Frickin' First Amendment U S of A.<br />
<br />
The current online <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/09/in-cambridge-md-a-soviet-style-punishment-for-a-novelist/379431/" target="_blank">Atlantic Magazine</a> contains one of the most disturbing stories I have ever read. And if you care anything about writing, and the right to write, you should be disturbed, too. To read the full article, <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/09/in-cambridge-md-a-soviet-style-punishment-for-a-novelist/379431/" target="_blank">CLICK HERE.</a><br />
<br />
Patrick McLaw, a 23-year-old middle school English teacher at Lane Middle School in Cambridge, Maryland has been taken into custody, suspended from his teaching job, and forced to undergo psychiatric evaluation <u><i><b>for writing a novel.</b></i></u> Police have used K-9 dogs and searched his house and the school. They proudly announced that Mr. McLaw "does not have the ability to travel anywhere." <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Insurrectionist-K-Voltaer-ebook/dp/B0075CP2SG/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1409589345&sr=8-1&keywords=patrick+mclaw" target="_blank"><i><b>The Insurrectionist</b></i></a>, published under the pseudonym Dr. K. S. Voltaer, is set 900 years in the future. Following the largest mass killing at a school in history, agents of a secret government agency begin tracing clues that lead to threats for an even larger mass-killing at the nation's largest school. The book was published in 2011 by Northern Imperial Publishing, and is <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Insurrectionist-K-Voltaer-ebook/dp/B0075CP2SG/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1409589345&sr=8-1&keywords=patrick+mclaw" target="_blank">available on Amazon.</a><br />
<br />
I haven't read the book, so I don't know how good it is. But It sounds like a decent premise for a futuristic thriller.<br />
<br />
But because the subject of the novel is a mass school killing -- 900 years in the future! -- the school district suspended Mr. McLaw, he was thrown in a psyche ward, and police are investigating, including a complete search of the school which according to cow-towing local media, a sweep of the Lane Middle School for bombs and guns, which turned up nothing.<br />
<br />
Gee. Imaging that.<br />
<br />
I recently met Tricia Fields, the Hillerman Award-winning author of The Territory. It is a taut thriller set among drugs and guns along the Texas-Mexico border. Tricia's day-job is at a small town Indiana school corporation. Good thing she isn't teaching in Maryland or she would be suspended, and the school system would be searched for drugs and guns.<br />
<br />
After all, she wrote about that.<br />
<br />
But there's more. Mr. McLaw used "aliases." In fact, the local newspaper (which should be ashamed of its coverage), began with the lead calling McLaw "a man with many names."<br />
<br />
Of course, in the literary world, publishing a book under a different name is referred to as a pen names, or sometimes pseudonym, not an alias. And it is a common practice for many reasons. Sometimes it is to change gender. Sometimes it is for marketing. Sometimes it is because you are writing something that is outside your profession or your general area in which you write.<br />
<br />
Mary Ann Evans could not get published as a woman, so she wrote Silas Marner under the pen name George Elliott. Stephen King published many books, including some of his best short writing, under the name Richard Bachman. Of course, perhaps America's greatest novelist was Samuel Clemens, who never published a book under his real name, using the moniker from the riverboat days of his youth - Mark Twain.<br />
<br />
The list of pen names is nearly endless.<br />
<br />
But so too is the absurdity of small minded people.<br />
<br />
Maybe a remedial course in fundamental civil liberties might be in order in eastern Maryland.Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-33374712253962047332014-08-20T07:41:00.001-07:002014-08-20T07:43:36.431-07:00Using Blog Post As Evidence Is Fair Use; Not Prohibited Copyright Violation <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8qy0BVa94iZVTQruoPgExNvBpovGPJv0A0G8kV3QGMRJ4htIA1BGdZlxx3U4COGN7lTH53MEuIXpjcjULIS9msJ3RrTla6SwU-LVAZkUxM3tarWyXeQrtxmvgfcmfGHOgK9RGdEy1Zf7i/s1600/Justice-OldSupremeCourtBuilding.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8qy0BVa94iZVTQruoPgExNvBpovGPJv0A0G8kV3QGMRJ4htIA1BGdZlxx3U4COGN7lTH53MEuIXpjcjULIS9msJ3RrTla6SwU-LVAZkUxM3tarWyXeQrtxmvgfcmfGHOgK9RGdEy1Zf7i/s1600/Justice-OldSupremeCourtBuilding.jpg" height="291" width="400" /></a>A blog post can be used in its entirety as evidence without violating the author's copyright. That's the ruling of the United States District Court in Northern Illinois in the case of <a href="http://business.cch.com/ipld/DenisonLarkin.pdf" target="_blank"><i>Denison v. Larkin.</i></a><br />
<br />
The case came up in an unusual fashion. Denison, an Illinois attorney, was charged with a disciplinary offense for scathing posts accusing the Cook County Illinois Probate Court and its guardian ad litem of corruption, elder abuse, and taking action that physically and emotionally harmed her 90-year-old Mary Sykes.<br />
<br />
Denison was charged with violating the Code of Professional Conduct by her accusations. Setting aside the First Amendment issue (which is substantial), Denison challenged the action by suing her accusers in federal court for violating her copyright by utilizing the entirety of her blog post in the disciplinary complaint.<br />
<br />
Judge Amy J. St. Eve of the Northern District of Illinois had no problem finding for the defendants and dismissing Denison's complaint. The Court discussed the touchstones for determining whether something falls within fair use: The purpose and character of the use; the nature of the work; the amount of the work used; and the market effect. The court found that under the facts of the case, each of these factors favored the defendants.<br />
<br />
Perhaps more importantly, the court noted that in enacting the Copyright law, the House Judiciary Committee stated that "reproduction of a work in legislative or judicial proceedings or reports" is fair use. Further, the U.S. Seventh Circuit (the circuit in which Illinois is located) has held that "reproducing copyrighted works for litigation is an example of the fair use doctrine."<br />
<br />
So when you write that blog, remember that it could someday be labeled Exhibit A.Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-16684020632535905782014-08-15T13:02:00.001-07:002014-08-15T13:13:30.096-07:00The Dark Knight Gets A "Clean Slate": Lawyers, Batgirl & Fictional TechnologyWonder why lawyers seem so "anal" over intellectual property rights? Here's an example.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCIKa7EqtM3IxBcxxGz5_bL62O_8H3pGkXLq-opi08j-PPawbzkmStx21Dly0ERB5POUop-0BRU5aj7mtze8aNDYQlO0W44eURv-UzwOoWVI50a5A8pJeTbBYEl_EFTL4aeR0_eqFiTrTf/s1600/7th+circuit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCIKa7EqtM3IxBcxxGz5_bL62O_8H3pGkXLq-opi08j-PPawbzkmStx21Dly0ERB5POUop-0BRU5aj7mtze8aNDYQlO0W44eURv-UzwOoWVI50a5A8pJeTbBYEl_EFTL4aeR0_eqFiTrTf/s1600/7th+circuit.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dirksen Building - home of 7th Circuit Court of Appeals</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
During the mega-hit movie "The Dark Knight Rises," Catwoman extracts a promise from Batman for her help -- a "clean slate" removing her entire criminal history from every law enforcement computer in the world. After her contribution to saving Gotham, Bruce Wayne makes sure Catwoman's criminal history is erased from every computer.<br />
<br />
But suprise! There actually is a product called Clean Slate. And Fortres Grand, maker of the software, has lawyers.<br />
<br />
And those lawyers sued Warner Brothers asserting that the fictional "clean slate" alluded to in the movie would cause confusion with its own software, a utility that "cleans" the history from your web browser.<br />
<br />
The U.S. 7th Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago held for the film makers, ruling that there was not a substantial risk of confusion cause by the fictional reference to a clean slate in the Batman movie. Judge Manion, writing for the Court, found that the software company's allegation of reverse confusion was "implausible."<br />
<br />
So Warner Brothers won. But at what cost? First there are lawyers fees that can ratchet up at $500 to $1,000 an hour for big firm partners. There there are expenses. In addition to lawyer time, court reporters will charge perhaps $1,200 or more for the transcript of a day-long deposition. Then there are the hidden costs of lost time, productivity and energy of executives, in-house lawyers, risk management people, and others involved in the project who are dragged into the lawsuit.<br />
<br />
The real lesson is that even the most innocent of references, even to a fictional "product", can bring down the wrath of intellectual property litigators and patent trolls. It is why lawyers are often so cautious, even to the point of being perceived as "anal," in finding problems and issues where most people, including writers, see none.<br />
<br />
While many lament that a lawyer "can find a gray cloud in every silver lining." that is often the most important part of what lawyers do.<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">photo credit: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/kenlund/11004376983/">Ken Lund</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/">cc</a></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-3114704318634644942014-07-18T08:06:00.000-07:002014-07-18T08:07:10.430-07:00Sherlock Holmes and the Case of the Disappearing Copyright<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcXK3DBmG25jWq3bXLE3nfvMPFxgDp9fBPjwK7lljkHv-9p0gNIrMoh4pEsc6V-KP9wyM4TYcJGGu8PaxE5nXplkqt2mTictQJE_6YpH-blC70Ph6wJh2wnT6dl5etZRKZjczdDvgAm-Lo/s1600/sherlock+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcXK3DBmG25jWq3bXLE3nfvMPFxgDp9fBPjwK7lljkHv-9p0gNIrMoh4pEsc6V-KP9wyM4TYcJGGu8PaxE5nXplkqt2mTictQJE_6YpH-blC70Ph6wJh2wnT6dl5etZRKZjczdDvgAm-Lo/s1600/sherlock+01.jpg" height="223" width="400" /></a>Want to write your own Sherlock Holmes story? Or even publish your own favorite Sherlock Holmes stories? Have at it. That's the ruling of the United States Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, which has held that the copyright on Arthur Conan Doyle's famous detective has lapsed and the characters and stories are now part of the public domain.<br />
<br />
Just this week, the United States Supreme Court refused to stay the Seventh Circuit's decision pending the high court's decision on whether to hear the case.<br />
<br />
The case arose out of two collection of short stories written by author Leslie Klinger. The first book, A Study in Sherlock: Stories Inspired by the Sherlock Holmes Canon, was published in 2011 by Random House. Despite Klinger's objection, Random House paid a $5,000 royalty to the Doyle Estate to publish the book.<br />
<br />
When Klingler and her new publisher, Pegasus Books, were ready to publish her sequel, In the Company of Sherlock Holmes, they refused to pay the royalty and Doyle's estate sued. And lost.<br />
<br />
The last ten Sherlock Holmes stories remain under copyright protection. The copyrights on those stories expire between 2018 and 2022. But the character of Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Watson, Lestrade and Moriarty are no longer under copyright protection -- unless the U.S. Supreme Court takes the case and reverses the Court of Appeals decision, something that is not expected.<br />
<br />
For the Seventh Circuit's decision, <a href="http://media.ca7.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/rssExec.pl?Submit=Display&Path=Y2014/D06-16/C:14-1128:J:Posner:aut:T:fnOp:N:1363624:S:0" target="_blank">CLICK HERE</a>.<br />
<br />
<i>Note: There has been a paucity of posts on this blog over the past seven or eight months. I have been working on my own writing project, a second novel tentatively titled Deadly Innocence. That novel is now finished, so I hope to be posting on this blog more frequently. That is, until another writing bug hits me. -- SMT</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">*photo credit: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/vercettisworld/14154672292/">GregHausM.D.</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/">cc</a></span>Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-51043942058908009292014-03-10T10:49:00.001-07:002014-03-10T10:57:20.847-07:00Considering Amtrak Writer's Program - Here's Something to Think About<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh508z8a0DdSiPAbm-82fLdyG_8pnkgJQVcAPEaoENenr9q3SaQ-pDTppN8s57JkpvDjdR2OaLff18S2CXY7UCeaBOa0XwQogDWIs6YK8XTQX38xE0TqrM9sgnTe_1wvtwD_K5ZKLjuCcxe/s1600/Amtrak+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh508z8a0DdSiPAbm-82fLdyG_8pnkgJQVcAPEaoENenr9q3SaQ-pDTppN8s57JkpvDjdR2OaLff18S2CXY7UCeaBOa0XwQogDWIs6YK8XTQX38xE0TqrM9sgnTe_1wvtwD_K5ZKLjuCcxe/s1600/Amtrak+01.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Amtrak is offering a type of writers in residence program. Blogger Steve Harper Piziks took a closer look at the fine print in the application and had some interesting observations. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Here's the Link to the post on Steve Harper Piziks' blog. It's worth a look. <a href="http://spiziks.livejournal.com/426624.html" target="_blank">CLICK HERE.</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Thanks to Mary Mascari for pointing this out on FaceBook.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><i>NOTE: By the way, for those who have followed this blog, you will note the paucity of posts over the past few months. I've been playing writer myself, working on my second novel. The rough draft is nearly done, so I hope to be posting a bit more frequently in the months ahead. Of course there is still much rewriting to be done. -- SMT</i></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/justininsd/6068358960/">Justin in SD</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/">cc</a></span>Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-56532974785306590592014-01-26T13:36:00.000-08:002014-01-26T13:50:35.992-08:00Courtney Love Wins Defense Verdict in Twibel Suit by Her Former Lawyer<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGW9K1OA5IShU290e2DzPrB8h7fgu9yTbrIYY_MVk72VPW35_nIKNpQYvaIf-zfrbX6eVX6ixNZwwjne0JrQkf5ySXPusyoaE-PBQkmabDRwECZgMV5VkteU-9c3c4aH9M45aEp1tX45tj/s1600/jury+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGW9K1OA5IShU290e2DzPrB8h7fgu9yTbrIYY_MVk72VPW35_nIKNpQYvaIf-zfrbX6eVX6ixNZwwjne0JrQkf5ySXPusyoaE-PBQkmabDRwECZgMV5VkteU-9c3c4aH9M45aEp1tX45tj/s1600/jury+01.jpg" height="257" width="400" /></a>What do you get when you Tweet a purported libelous statement? Twibel, of course.<br />
<br />
Last week rock star Courtney Love went to trial last week in one of the nation's first, and certainly most publicized, case of libel over Twitter. She was accused of defaming her own lawyer in a series of 2010 tweets.<br />
<br />
After only three hours of deliberation, the jury returned a verdict for Love and against the plaintiff, her former lawyer Rhonda J. Holmes. The lawyer had been hired to pursue fraud claims against those handling the estate of Love's late husband, Kurt Cobain, the legendary lead singer of Nivana who committed suicide. But Ms. Love posted a series of tweets inferring implying that Ms. Holmes mishandled the matter.<br />
<br />
The problem with attacking a lawyer on Twitter -- lawyers know the way to the courthouse.<br />
<br />
The jury concluded that Ms. Love made the Tweets, but that the plaintiff failed to prove that Love knew the statements were false by the enhanced clear and convincing standard, a necessary element in a lawsuit by a limited purpose public figure such as Ms. Holmes.<br />
<br />
No word yet on whether there will be an appeal.<br />
<br />
Love is not a stranger to being sued for Tweets. In March, 2011 she settled a defamation lawsuit by fashion designer Dawn Simorangkir for $430,000 stemming from tweets that accused the designer of theft and having a criminal background.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/caliorg/6882839119/">cali.org</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/">cc</a></span><br />
<br />Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-17081707215811426362014-01-24T13:42:00.003-08:002014-01-24T13:42:59.954-08:00Writing Blog Can Get You Thrown in Jail -- At Least in Alabama<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsIES7AtlBZFB54itBD0dvtWCNjdRD5B_Ws8d1fMZoBYmx_SzL-G7QcA8X2QaTASympOS-EAQTvHNsO-5hYDcbjcGAsj7c2LkAomPQTrTkAjkqZZmEa4X7EQGoA4VOovq2LDDaeReJJq7n/s1600/jail+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsIES7AtlBZFB54itBD0dvtWCNjdRD5B_Ws8d1fMZoBYmx_SzL-G7QcA8X2QaTASympOS-EAQTvHNsO-5hYDcbjcGAsj7c2LkAomPQTrTkAjkqZZmEa4X7EQGoA4VOovq2LDDaeReJJq7n/s1600/jail+01.jpg" height="270" width="400" /></a>Alabama blogger Roger Shuler has been sitting in the Shelby County, Alabama Jail for five <br />
months -- for blogging. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, he is the only person in the Western Hemisphere imprisoned for something he has written.<br />
<br />
Now Mr. Shuler isn't your ordinary blogger. He has repeatedly been involved in legal battles and sued for defamation since he started his blog in 2007. Initially the blog was an outlet for a property dispute with his neighbor. Mr. Shuler ended up on the short end of the case, and the neighbor's lawyer now owns half of Mr. Shuler's home.<br />
<br />
Shuler continued to rant against courts, the police and a variety of public officials, including Alabama Governor Bob Riley. Example: writing that a sitting federal judge appeared in a gay pornographic magazine. Class guy, this Mr. Shuler.<br />
<br />
He has repetitively been sued for his blog posts, often successfully. The judgments against him have taken their financial toll, to the point where he no longer can afford internet service and now posts from public computers in public libraries. But he continues undeterred.<br />
<br />
Fast forward to an article Shuler posted claiming that the governor's son, Robert Riley Jr., got aptly named lobbyist Liberty Duke pregnant and paid for an abortion. Riley and Duke not only denied the pregnancy and abortion, they denied they had ever been alone together in the same room. <br />
<br />
Here's were things get really interesting -- and according to many First Amendment scholars and lawyers -- a bit out of hand. State District Judge Robert Jackson issues an injunction against Shuler prohibiting him from making anymore "defamatory statements" about Mr. Riley and Ms. Duke.<br />
<br />
First Amendment experts are unanimous that the order was unconstitutional and a violation of Mr. Shuler's First Amendment rights.<br />
<br />
Ignoring the games Mr. Shuler played trying to avoid service of the order, Mr. Shuler continued to publish venomous posts about the pair. <br />
<br />
The result: Judge Jackson held Shuler in contempt and ordered him jailed.<br />
<br />
That was in October. And Mr. Shuler is still there.<br />
<br />
Clearly Mr. Shuler is not the good guy here. He has abused his rights. He has defamed people causing them personal pain and suffering all for his own small-minded baseless vendettas. But on the other hand, he is in jail because of an unconstitutional judicial order prohibiting free speech.<br />
<br />
It's all ugly, and shows no signs of getting resolved. And meanwhile, Mr. Shuler sits in a United States jail for what he wrote. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/stillburning/46446926/">Still Burning</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/">cc</a></span><br />
<br />Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-17627222654564533402014-01-18T08:17:00.001-08:002014-01-18T08:17:34.540-08:00Blogger's First Amendment Rights Upheld<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi07sG6IYmR6G63tpQaZEf90nW8H_U1_4jguY96_UIM3zTZQEV3Ad60MgJrrmgNU3tkAlW5pL-kDASwfTpTN1JuCCksmU3pIOjgY9Bi5dPiETqWBKcp7F816slV_OeO2ZX6N7DCUPRn3U4W/s1600/blogger+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi07sG6IYmR6G63tpQaZEf90nW8H_U1_4jguY96_UIM3zTZQEV3Ad60MgJrrmgNU3tkAlW5pL-kDASwfTpTN1JuCCksmU3pIOjgY9Bi5dPiETqWBKcp7F816slV_OeO2ZX6N7DCUPRn3U4W/s1600/blogger+01.jpg" height="320" width="176" /></a>Bloggers can rest easier as they post articles from their computers. They have equal First Amendment rights with trained journalists.<br />
<br />
That was the recent decision of the United States Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in a defamation lawsuit brought against a blogger in California. The decision went even further, confirming that First Amendment rights are applicable to everyone, and that everyday citizens and Pulitizer Prize-winning journalists journalists all possess the same rights under the First Amendment. <br />
<br />
The unanimous 9th Circuit decision reversed a $2.5 million judgment against blogger Crystal Cox by Obsidian Finance Group and its co-founder Kevin Padrick. The verdict followed a nearly inexplicable District Court opinion allowing the case to go to trial on the basis that Ms Cox could not produce evidence that he was a trained journalists engaged in that profession, that he could not claim the First Amendment protection of the New York Times v. Sullivan case. <br />
<br />
For the decision in <a href="http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2014/01/17/12-35238.pdf" target="_blank"><i>Obsidian Finance Group v. Cox</i>, <b>CLICK HERE.</b> </a><br />
<br />
For most First Amendment lawyers, the surprise was not the 9th Circuit's reversal, but the District Court's original decision, which seemed to go against a half-century of law to the contrary, although seldom applied to the new technology of blogging.<br />
<br />
The lawsuit arose from a post by Ms Cox accusing Obsidian and Padrick of tax fraud in the handing of a company that was in Chapter 11 bankruptcy. <br />
<br />
The 9th Circuit covers most of the western-most United States, including California. The United States Circuit Courts of Appeal are the second highest federal courts, next to the US Supreme Court.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/notionscapital/2620666620/">Mike Licht, NotionsCapital.com</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">cc</a></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-24055947256464404222013-12-29T15:43:00.000-08:002013-12-29T15:43:12.881-08:00My Favorite Books Read in 2013<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ_jqpnNmiy1t1fo6zcC2C1f-Wo04V4Ih7BGjditsp_z9soOQeSQIywg1tNbtT8p55oParzURW1Pj0R0KwWk889vH9PsvDCh4zsNbApiPy8dHFZt3iax2FqUIu-Nv-scBhz47c-zE1MstP/s1600/sharp+objects+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ_jqpnNmiy1t1fo6zcC2C1f-Wo04V4Ih7BGjditsp_z9soOQeSQIywg1tNbtT8p55oParzURW1Pj0R0KwWk889vH9PsvDCh4zsNbApiPy8dHFZt3iax2FqUIu-Nv-scBhz47c-zE1MstP/s320/sharp+objects+01.jpg" width="209" /></a><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">This list is a little off topic, but here is my list of best books that I actually read this past year. Many -- in fact all but one -- were published in earlier years. One, Mickey Spillane's My Gun Is Quick, was first published over 60 years ago. But as someone once told me, every book is a new book until you read it.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Cambria;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
{margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:.5in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:.5in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:.5in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:.5in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:1613517447;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-1897343850 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}
-->
</style>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">My best books read in 2013</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span>1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Sharp Objects, Gillian Flynn</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span>2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Life Itself, Roger Ebert</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span>3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>The Help, Kathryn Stockett</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnfc0UIf82w-yE0JiogHrUw6T4iRiGsbcAq3FHAMOLZpVk7gGSVY3D5Y2h3WS2WlhYbHwXKcPLE2AA3I41_63lPxr4xIOHygVmVvm1TPc6NUNI9xPdl1Ub33Xx3UizoObjc6JguJ9Qxg2M/s1600/sycamore+row+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnfc0UIf82w-yE0JiogHrUw6T4iRiGsbcAq3FHAMOLZpVk7gGSVY3D5Y2h3WS2WlhYbHwXKcPLE2AA3I41_63lPxr4xIOHygVmVvm1TPc6NUNI9xPdl1Ub33Xx3UizoObjc6JguJ9Qxg2M/s1600/sycamore+row+1.jpg" /></a><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span>4.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Sycamore Row, John Grisham</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span>5.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lax, Rebecca
Skloot</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span>6.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>The Innocent Man (non-fiction), John Grisham</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span>7.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>The Kennedy Detail, Gerald Blaine</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span>8.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Dark Voyage, Alan Furst</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span>9.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Reclaiming History, Vincent Bugliosi</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span>10.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>Thomas
Jefferson, the Art of Power, John Meacham</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span>11.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>My
Gun Is Quick, Mickey Spillane</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span>12.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>Dark
Places, Gillian Flynn</span></span></div>
Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-39922983812214757342013-12-22T07:52:00.002-08:002013-12-22T07:52:45.056-08:00Free House For Writers, But There's a Catch: It's in Detroit<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn8-UIxfmZDijYgxH6yPa7GysRlkD1ghuZ4JNN6MqKBTua6aoQKZGy7ixgtmsoLQlEpxiaCJjxJV4DAUR91NniNDPlpHntHpGckrd5jpy_JMu8By60yRLf0DlglKpV1n2muBIcXJEDP7H7/s1600/writehouselogo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn8-UIxfmZDijYgxH6yPa7GysRlkD1ghuZ4JNN6MqKBTua6aoQKZGy7ixgtmsoLQlEpxiaCJjxJV4DAUR91NniNDPlpHntHpGckrd5jpy_JMu8By60yRLf0DlglKpV1n2muBIcXJEDP7H7/s400/writehouselogo.png" width="400" /></a>The efforts at revitalizing ravaged urban blight areas has taken a new turn. And for some writers, it may be worth looking in to.<br />
<br />
Write A House, a Detroit non-profit corporation, has established a program to fix up blighted houses in a section of Detroit, fix them up, then give them away to writers. The intent is the establish a writers community in the Motor City in an effort to infuse new life into the city that is most recently known for the largest municipal bankruptcy in American history.<br />
<br />
Write A House has already purchased three houses and is raising funds to refurbish them.<br />
<br />
The project is a short distance from the Powerhouse Project, which has successfully started an artists community in refurbished Mo-Town housing. That project has received national publicity, particularly from the national artistic community publication Juxtapoz.<br />
<br />
Undoubtedly the project is not for everyone. But for some aspiring writers, it could be a great opportunity. <br />
<br />
For the project's website, including the application for residency, <a href="http://writeahouse.com/" target="_blank">CLICK HERE.</a> For a detailed article in the Huffington Post on the project, <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/19/write-a-house-detroit_n_4474976.html?ir=Books" target="_blank">CLICK HERE. </a>Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-30928114293522572112013-12-14T05:06:00.000-08:002013-12-14T05:06:53.353-08:00Hell's Angels Riding Into Court to Protect Intellectual Property RightsHell's Angels in Court.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT65jEiJUv2rQnFJJL_dCwPd75-I6WzNYRM7DV_iZRUJ-FUC2Gm0eu066MRIHa5DsyI0crGtD31SbPAyNVcxsN9WCTloOO1vR1S3FiwfJ-v47H7RrWiatMOqfPzaVXJ7CYs5Sc4BFWGCa_/s1600/mc+gang+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT65jEiJUv2rQnFJJL_dCwPd75-I6WzNYRM7DV_iZRUJ-FUC2Gm0eu066MRIHa5DsyI0crGtD31SbPAyNVcxsN9WCTloOO1vR1S3FiwfJ-v47H7RrWiatMOqfPzaVXJ7CYs5Sc4BFWGCa_/s400/mc+gang+01.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
That's not so surprising. But the reason may be.<br />
<br />
Hell's Angel's Motorcycle Club, the bad ass kings of leather and tattoos, the feared road warriors of legend and movies, are not fighting drug charges, or defending themselves from terrorizing small towns as in The Wild Ones or Wild Hogs.<br />
<br />
Nope. They are going to court to enforce their intellectual property rights. Specifically, they are aggressively asserting their property rights in the club's trademarked "Death Head" logo.<br />
<br />
Heading the charge is 67-year-old lawyer Fritz Clapp, an intellectual property expert bedecked with a red mohawk and a stylish white beard. In his sites have been such targets as Toys R Us, Amazon, Saks, Marvel Comics and The Mouse himself, Disney Corporation.<br />
<br />
It's a bit of a change in direction for the group that is still labeled by law enforcement as an organized crime group involved in drug trafficking on six continents. The New York Times in its recent article on this quoted a veteran member with the street name of "Chico." He told the Times reporter: "We stabbed and stabbed people left and right in the day, but that way is less common now."<br />
<br />
Hmmm . . . "Less common." Leads to some interesting speculation about what Hell's Angels cease and desist letters might look like.<br />
<br />
"Dear Joe:<br />
<br />
Please immediately cease and desist using our trademarked Hell's Angels logos. It violates the law and we will sue you for lots of money if you don't stop. Please note, however, that we don't stab people left and right like we used to. We may still do it, but it's less common.<br />
<br />
Thank you for your prompt compliance. And by receiving this letter it is apparent: we know where you live."<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/awkwordrap/5403334299/">AWKWORDrap</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">cc</a> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span>
Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-25604176394894148522013-11-29T07:52:00.005-08:002013-12-22T08:03:37.906-08:00The Matrix, Terminator, and the Copyright Judgment That Doesn't Exist<span style="font-size: large;"><b>"Black Author Wins Copyright Case for Matrix." </b></span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikO1UjoalDrAqXRce7R2iITXmaK_x21iLNUMdgf7ovR8_CTqYVe_lgS0aa2i0ZMG8JcvGGKD7jntx3YZCTyMI_VEgF5JMUcmr-bKhfATKRX4Royoi0_iH9iokYM6lheFUUQCFN9i3Yf1hF/s1600/bigfoot+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikO1UjoalDrAqXRce7R2iITXmaK_x21iLNUMdgf7ovR8_CTqYVe_lgS0aa2i0ZMG8JcvGGKD7jntx3YZCTyMI_VEgF5JMUcmr-bKhfATKRX4Royoi0_iH9iokYM6lheFUUQCFN9i3Yf1hF/s400/bigfoot+01.jpg" width="241" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"If it's on the Internet, it must be true"*</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
That recent blog post, re-posted to Facebook by one of my friends, caught my attention. And a Google search shows that the story has been spreading through the blogosphere like wildfire.<br />
<br />
You can see why. The post noted that Sophia Stewart, a black writer now living in Salt Lake City, won a HUGE judgment against Warner Brothers, Joel Silver and the Wachoski Brothers, producers of the uber-successful (and profitable) Matrix, and sequels Matrix Reloaded and Matrix Revolutions.<br />
<br />
And there's more.<br />
<br />
It seems the judgment also included Terminator, the Arnold Schwatzeneger blockbuster from the 1980s.<br />
<br />
Billions of dollars in profits. All of it stolen from Ms. Stewart's script for The Third Eye. And a judgment for her reaching into the hundreds of millions of dollars.<br />
<br />
<i><b>Only it's not true!</b></i><br />
<br />
Before re-posting the judgment information, I did a little independent research. There is no finding that The Matrix or Terminator were stolen from Ms. Stewart's 1980s script. There is no judgment of hundreds of millions of dollars.<br />
<br />
Yes, Ms. Stewart filed a lawsuit in 2003. But despite her reported claims that the media hasn't been publicizing her suit because Time Warner owns all major media outlets, the actual fact is that the court ruled against her. <br />
<br />
She lost the case and there is no judgment. See Stewart v. Wachowski, <span class="a" style="left: 1945px; top: 546px; word-spacing: -1px;">574 F.Supp.2d 1074 (C.D. Cal. 2005). </span> <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/23342663/Matrix-and-Terminator-copyright-rulings" target="_blank">Click HERE</a> for the ruling of the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California finding that Ms. Stewart was not the author of either The Matrix or Terminator, and that neither work is derivative of her Third Eye script. For more details, <a href="http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/11/22/inside-the-billion-dollar-matrix-lawsuit-one-of-the-internets-most-pervasive-hoaxes/" target="_blank">click HERE</a> to view Time Magazine's article debunking this Internet myth. And if you think that Time is just trying to cover up for its corporate owner, <a href="http://www.snopes.com/politics/business/matrix.asp" target="_blank">click HERE</a> for the myth-busting report of Snopes.com<br />
<br />
But that hasn't stopped the blogs from spreading the story.<br />
<br />
The lesson in this case for bloggers and other writers: do your research. Don't just pass on what you see someplace without checking it out. Bloggers hungry for material seem to be most prone to this, but writers of every ilk are guilty.<br />
<br />
So be sure. As carpenters would say: "Measure twice and cut once." Don't add to the false stories that permeate Social Media and the Internet.<br />
<br />
Be a writer, not a gossip. Check it out. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">*photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kurtz433/2570525737/">( kurtz )</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">cc</a></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-9673121048951627722013-11-04T09:37:00.002-08:002013-11-04T11:05:00.599-08:00Boobies Bracelet and First Amendment: Case Headed to Supreme Court?I {heart} Boobies.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRaHhHOX0HVi6b9nOKy2d2IAc8yTL0zRU3Bj9vrfZjI2J_tEhIPUpzmEGjscLKB3C1QcJb6noWQ6HEszNfarMHDObXbYgf9AUSOZBbUJwstEODsZHx4B-znDYT8DiowIVwckoS_Gl84ebS/s1600/boobies+001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRaHhHOX0HVi6b9nOKy2d2IAc8yTL0zRU3Bj9vrfZjI2J_tEhIPUpzmEGjscLKB3C1QcJb6noWQ6HEszNfarMHDObXbYgf9AUSOZBbUJwstEODsZHx4B-znDYT8DiowIVwckoS_Gl84ebS/s400/boobies+001.jpg" width="400" /></a>I'm sure you've seen those colorful rubber bracelets. They are used to express support for <br />
Breast Cancer Awareness and the keep-a-breast.org website.<br />
<br />
Cute. Harmless. They may induce a titter (no pun intended). But they certainly not lewd and obscene.<br />
<br />
Unless you're a student in the Easton Area School District about 60 miles north of Philadelphia. <br />
<br />
In 2010, the school district banned wearing of the bracelets. When 12-year-old Kayla Martinez and 13-year-old Brianna Hawk, wore the bracelets to Easton Area Middle School, they were suspended.<br />
<br />
The American Civil Liberties Union of Pennsylvania stepped up and went to bat for the girls in court. The result? Not surprisingly, the District Court held that the school overstepped its bounds and violated the girls' First Amendment rights.<br />
<br />
This past August, the US Third Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously affirmed the lower court decision.<br />
<br />
You'd think that would be enough, wouldn't you. But NOOOOOOOO!<br />
<br />
The Easton Area School District is adament that it, not the courts, should determine whether the girls should be allowed to express the support for "the Boobies." So the School Board, by 7-1 vote, decided to spend local taxpayers money to file an appeal to the United States Supreme Court. This is despite: (1) First Amendment lawyers say the appeal is a waste of money; and (2) of 10,000 petitions for certiorari filed each year with the Supreme Court, the Court chooses to hear no more than 100.<br />
<br />
Tens of thousands of dollars -- all trying to keep students from referencing "boobies".<br />
<br />
Maybe if they don't let students wear the bracelets, those teenage boys won't notice the changes in their female classmates.<br />
<br />
But if I recall my junior high days, my teachers would have been delighted if the students used the term "boobies" rather than the term that was most commonly used.<br />
<br />
The Easton Area School District, located about 60 miles north of
Philadelphia, said several years ago that the bracelets, distributed by
the <a href="http://www.keep-a-breast.org/i-love-boobies/" target="external">Keep A Breast Foundation</a> of Carlsbad, California, were lewd and banned students from wearing them.
<br />
Kayla Martinez, then 12, and Brianna Hawk, then 13, defied the ban and
wore the bracelets to Easton Area Middle School in 2010. They were
suspended.
<br />
The girls, with the help of the American Civil Liberties Union of Pennsylvania, then <a href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/10/29/boobies-bracelet-supreme-court/3310843/" target="external">challenged the ban</a>,
and after making its way through lower courts, the 3rd U.S. Circuit
Court of Appeals agreed with the girls in August. The court said the
district didn’t prove the bracelets were lewd or disruptive.
Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-76038268621676175102013-10-05T07:03:00.000-07:002013-10-05T07:03:13.211-07:00Court Strikes Down Illinois Law Making Video of Police a Felony<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn5JIIlboXCBGUlVsVSv3lKCQAlyFWKY1hBXo0EB_xAJbPFPRyzU7FHcSEdqEr-M0FJyQNlF3QDV1k_EuV9-anGOTSwG9ZAn62UuhWgkxeHDWbWfS8pwt9zttbF7Uh4wOpnGoNTyrtiyyj/s1600/arrest+001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn5JIIlboXCBGUlVsVSv3lKCQAlyFWKY1hBXo0EB_xAJbPFPRyzU7FHcSEdqEr-M0FJyQNlF3QDV1k_EuV9-anGOTSwG9ZAn62UuhWgkxeHDWbWfS8pwt9zttbF7Uh4wOpnGoNTyrtiyyj/s400/arrest+001.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Until this week, videoing this in Illinois was felony</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The U.S. 7th Circuit Court of Appeals, in a 2-1 decision, struck down an Illinois law <br />
that made recording police, or any other public official, a felony.<br />
<br />
The law expanded Illinois' Wiretap Act to prohibit any recording with sound of police or any other public official during the performance of their official duties. The District Court upheld the law. In reversing, the 7th Circuit Court described the law as the broadest in the nation. The court found it exceeded permissible bounds of protecting privacy, which was not applicable to police performing their public duties.<br />
<br />
The law suit was brought by the Illinois ACLU, which maintained that its videographers who were filming police were threatened with prosecution.<br />
<br />
Noted conservative jurist Richard Posner dissented. He argued that there law protected potential private conversations which citizens might have with police, and further societal security and privacy.<br />
<br />
The case undoubtedly will be appealed to the United States Supreme Court. However the Supreme Court is under no obligation to review the case.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/wurz/190068051/">Wurz</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/">cc</a></span>Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-87482038401430648032013-09-29T11:19:00.001-07:002013-09-29T11:19:29.828-07:00REVERSED! US Appeals Court Holds "Like" on Facebook is Protected Free Speech<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0fqmfltG0u5Yx0vmdcBX1LaYYTVGbhIOE92DZoLLq809dRv0glK8sRV2xxLc2g5aq58oZosUe8vRVVLp8GAErtl29zs5j1-p2M0Okm8h1R1ADA2Py88TSJ6tXn47G_SbWBjTF0Uv4-JFC/s1600/campaign+sign+001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0fqmfltG0u5Yx0vmdcBX1LaYYTVGbhIOE92DZoLLq809dRv0glK8sRV2xxLc2g5aq58oZosUe8vRVVLp8GAErtl29zs5j1-p2M0Okm8h1R1ADA2Py88TSJ6tXn47G_SbWBjTF0Uv4-JFC/s400/campaign+sign+001.jpg" width="266" /></a>Clicking "LIKE" on Facebook is expression protected by the First Amendment.<br />
<br />
That's the ruling of the U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals in Bland v. Roberts. The decision reversed an nearly inexplicable Virginia District Court decision that held clicking "LIKE" was not sufficient expression to qualify for First Amendment protection.<br />
<br />
The case arose when Bland and several other employees of the Hampton (VA) Sheriff's Department clicked "LIKE" on the Facebook page of Sheriff's candidate Jim Adams. The problem was that Adams was running against the current sheriff, B.J. Robert. When Roberts discovered that his employees had clicked "LIKE" on Adams Facebook page, he fired them.<br />
<br />
The former employees sued for violation of the right to free political expression, The Federal District Court judge dismissed the case, holding that just clicking "LIKE" was insufficient to invoke the protection of the First Amendment.<br />
<br />
In a post reporting the District Court decision, I commented that the decision was so far out of line with established law that it would be reversed on appeal.<br />
<br />
In reaching it's decision, the Court stated that "Liking" campaign's Facebook page was the “Internet
equivalent of displaying a political sign in one’s front yard, which the
Supreme Court has held is substantive speech.”<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/stewf/272718611/">Stewf</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/">cc</a> </span>Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-7026446592854299182013-09-19T04:17:00.000-07:002013-09-19T04:17:06.548-07:00"UNSUB on that 187. Need ME & SIS. Get BANG & CRASH to CP, Code Two." Police Speak - Courtesy of Michael Connelly<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBMF3kMNaMwMKEdVHMmMaaNq-L-vy4TKJIzM-Bs2GTs5kxp-m2fqJkzRpwpyI8GWjI1kPyRFM0iE8Gq9a8diWxZOG6QF-rYbFhnNLbxwYi24F6nvnVH_Vt5YWfObaLZlKEfK3Q87LAaRvl/s1600/cop+01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBMF3kMNaMwMKEdVHMmMaaNq-L-vy4TKJIzM-Bs2GTs5kxp-m2fqJkzRpwpyI8GWjI1kPyRFM0iE8Gq9a8diWxZOG6QF-rYbFhnNLbxwYi24F6nvnVH_Vt5YWfObaLZlKEfK3Q87LAaRvl/s400/cop+01.jpg" width="400" /></a>Best-selling author <b>Michael Connelly</b> just did us all a BIG favor.<br />
<br />
On his website <b><a href="http://michaelconnelly.com/">MichaelConnelly.com</a>,</b> he just<a href="http://www.michaelconnelly.com/extras/police-fbi-acronyms/" target="_blank"> published a list</a> of acronyms used by police. If you read or write crime fiction (and I'm a big Michael Connelly fan), this is a great little reference.<br />
<br />
And while you're at it, if you have not read any of Michael Connelly's books, by all means do so. His characters are fascinating. The writing is spot-on. And as a lawyer, I appreciate the fact that he's one of the few crime/legal thriller writers who gets the law right. <br />
<br />
If you're starting out on Connelly's books, my suggestions for starting points: <b><i>The Lincoln Lawyer</i></b> (2005), the first in a great series about criminal defense lawyer Mickey Haller (made into a movie staring Matthew McConaughey); <b><i>Concrete Blonde</i></b> (1994), the third book of Connelly's quentisential detective Harry Bosch, and the <b><i>Blood Work</i></b> (1998), the first of three books featuring FBI agent Terry McCaleb (and a Clint Eastwood movie). But you can pick up any Michael Connelly book and you'll be hooked.<br />
<br />
Here's the list:<br />
<br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr><td height="19" width="98">187</td>
<td width="401">California Penal Code for Murder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">187 LEO</td>
<td>California Penal Code for Murder of a Law Enforcement Officer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">3056</td>
<td>California Penal Code for Parole Hold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">5150</td>
<td>California Penal Code for Mentally Unstable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">51 Reports</td>
<td>Citizen Complaint Files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">51s</td>
<td>Investigative Chronology reports</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">ACU</td>
<td>Asian Crimes Unit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">ADW</td>
<td>Assault with a Deadly Weapon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">AFIS</td>
<td>Automated Fingerprint Identification System</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">AFS</td>
<td>Automated Firearm System</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">AG</td>
<td>Attorney General</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">AGU</td>
<td>Asian Gang Unit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">ATF</td>
<td>Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">BAM</td>
<td>By Any Means</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">BANG</td>
<td>Boulevard Anti-Narcotics Group</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">BAR</td>
<td>Bureau Assistance Request form</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">BOLO</td>
<td>Be on the Lookout</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">BOR</td>
<td>Board of Rights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">BPO</td>
<td>Black Peace Officers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">BSS</td>
<td>Behavioral Science Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CAPs</td>
<td>Crimes Against Persons</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CCB</td>
<td>Criminal Courts Building</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CHP</td>
<td>California Highway Patrol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CI</td>
<td>Confidential Informant</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CIR</td>
<td>Critical Incident Report</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CLET</td>
<td>Clandestine Laboratory Enforcement Team</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CO</td>
<td>Commanding Officer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">Code Seven</td>
<td>Out of Service, On A Break, Off Duty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">Code Three</td>
<td>Lights And Sirens, Emergency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">Code Two</td>
<td>Respond As Soon As Possible</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CODIS</td>
<td>Combined DNA Index System</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CP</td>
<td>Command Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CR</td>
<td>Chronological Record</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CRA</td>
<td>Community Redevelopment Agency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CRASH</td>
<td>Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CRT</td>
<td>Crime Response Team</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CUBA</td>
<td>Conduct Unbecoming An Attorney</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">CUBO</td>
<td>Conduct Unbecoming An Officer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DA</td>
<td>District Attorney</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DB</td>
<td>Dead Body</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DCFS</td>
<td>Department of Children and Family Services</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DDs</td>
<td>Due Diligence reports</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DEA</td>
<td>Drug Enforcement Agency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DL</td>
<td>Drivers License</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DMV</td>
<td>Department of Motor Vehicles</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DNA</td>
<td>Do Not Approach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DOB</td>
<td>Date of Birth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DOJ</td>
<td>Department of Justice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DP</td>
<td>Deployment Period</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DPS</td>
<td>Department of Public Services</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DPSS</td>
<td>Department of Public Social Services</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">DYS</td>
<td>Division of Youth Services</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">EE</td>
<td>Electrostatic Enhancement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">ERT</td>
<td>Emergency Response Team</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">ESB</td>
<td>Evidence Storage Building</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">ESD</td>
<td>Evidence Storage Division</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">FBI</td>
<td>Federal Bureau of Investigation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">FI</td>
<td>Field Interview</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">FO</td>
<td>Field Office</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">GBI</td>
<td>Great Bodily Injury</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">GIU</td>
<td>Gang Intelligence Unit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">GOSD</td>
<td>Gang and Operations Support Division</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">GRIT</td>
<td>Gang Related Information Tracking</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">GSR</td>
<td>Gunshot Residue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">IAD</td>
<td>Internal Affairs Division</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">IED</td>
<td>Improvised Explosive Device</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">Interpol</td>
<td>International Criminal Police Organization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">IO</td>
<td>Investigating Officer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">IR</td>
<td>Interview Room</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">ISL</td>
<td>Involuntary Stress Leave</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">K-9 Jacket</td>
<td>Keep Away Status in jail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">KAs</td>
<td>Known Associates</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">LAFD</td>
<td>Los Angeles Fire Department</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">LAPD</td>
<td>Los Angeles Police Department</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">LWP</td>
<td>Life Without Parole</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">MCT</td>
<td>Mobile Computer Terminal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">MDT</td>
<td>Mobile Digital Terminal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">ME</td>
<td>Medical Examiner</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">MPPD</td>
<td>Monterey Park Police Department</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">NCIC</td>
<td>National Crime Information Center, National Crime Index Computer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">O3</td>
<td>Office of Operations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">OC</td>
<td>Organized Crime</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">OCID</td>
<td>Organized Crime Intelligence Division</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">OCP</td>
<td>Office of the Chief of Police</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">OCU</td>
<td>Organized Crime Unit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">OD</td>
<td>Overdose</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">OHS</td>
<td>Office of Homeland Security</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">OIR</td>
<td>Original Incident Report</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">OIS</td>
<td>Officer Involved Shooting</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">One-K-Twelve</td>
<td>radio designation for an RHD Homicide Detective</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">OP</td>
<td>Observation Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">OPG</td>
<td>Official Police Garage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">OPR</td>
<td>Office of Professional Responsibility</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">OT</td>
<td>Overtime</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">PAB</td>
<td>Public Administration Building</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">PC</td>
<td>Probable Cause</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">PCD</td>
<td>Probable Cause Detention</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">PDU</td>
<td>Public Disorder Unit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">PI</td>
<td>Private Investigator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">RAT</td>
<td>Radiological Attack Team</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">REACT</td>
<td>Rapid Response Enforcement and Counterterrorism</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">RHD</td>
<td>Robbery-Homicide Division</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">RO</td>
<td>Reporting Officer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">ROD</td>
<td>Relieved of Duty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">ROR</td>
<td>Released On Own Recognizance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">RTC</td>
<td>Return To Custody</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">RTD</td>
<td>Return To Duty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">SID</td>
<td>Scientific Investigation Division</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">SIS</td>
<td>Special Investigation Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">Staff Two</td>
<td>radio designation for Assistant Chief of Police</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">Ten-Seven</td>
<td>Dinner Break, Out of Service, Home</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">T & L report</td>
<td>Time and Location, Alibi Sheet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">TOD</td>
<td>Time of Death</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">Twenty</td>
<td>Subject’s Home</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">Two-Six</td>
<td>Forthwith From the Chief’s Office</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">UM</td>
<td>Unfit Mother</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">UNSUB</td>
<td>Unknown Subject</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="19">VICAP</td>
<td>Violent Criminal Apprehension Program</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-37155924184001384652013-09-16T13:37:00.002-07:002013-09-16T13:37:30.809-07:00I Got This Great Idea Where Harry Potter and Spiderman Meet Christian Grey . . .<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9vIuMjxa_LbZZa0IYl4Q2BU_V8zEMSHRF9Ym2trUUjgFr8wd1EVDcopbyTDA9vxINey-lw3okjdxn5pgXmYQT9Dy4ZOktvVdXS0cEcsEW4grXykD_7RkcifzmRE_LxLixfn1JftBHVmNe/s1600/character+001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9vIuMjxa_LbZZa0IYl4Q2BU_V8zEMSHRF9Ym2trUUjgFr8wd1EVDcopbyTDA9vxINey-lw3okjdxn5pgXmYQT9Dy4ZOktvVdXS0cEcsEW4grXykD_7RkcifzmRE_LxLixfn1JftBHVmNe/s400/character+001.jpg" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b>What characters lurk in your imagination?</b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
At a writers conference I was asked by a several people about plots involving established characters. Maybe not quite Harry Potter, Spiderman and Christian Grey (50 Shades of Grey), but not far from it.<br />
<br />
Such works have become such a mainstay on the Internet that they now have their own genre: <b><i>Fan Fiction.</i></b><br />
<br />
The Internet is full of additional story lines with Harry & Hermione and Ron -- some amateurish, some surprisingly well done, and some, well, down right pornographic. The same is true of Katniss, Bella, and a whole host of fictional creations.<br />
<br />
I have a great story idea that's even better than the original. So what's the problem?<br />
<br />
The problem is an aspect of copyright protection called <b><i>derivative works.</i></b> The copyright protection which attaches to any original work (without registration or even a copyright symbol) protects not only that work, <b><i>but any derivative work.</i></b><br />
<br />
So if you create the next James Bond, or Katniss, or Harry Potter, or Harry Bosch, no one else can write stories using those characters, at least not without your consent and license. Noted thriller writer <b>Jeffery Deaver</b> is writing the new James Bond novels 50 years after the death of Bond creator <b>Ian Fleming</b>. He is the latest (and probably best) in a line of subsequent Bond writers. But all of those writers have been selected by and contracted with Ian Fleming's heirs.<br />
<br />
So what about all those fan fiction sites? What about imitation being the sincerest form of flattery?<br />
<br />
The reality is that publishers and authors seem to be willing to turn a blind eye to fan fiction - as long as it is not for profit. That's not the law. They could send take down notices and sue over those stories and websites. But it appears the marketing executives and legal departments of various publishers have decided that as long as no one is doing it for money, it probably helps spread enthusiasm among devoted fans. And who wants to go around suing some of your most devoted fans?<br />
<br />
But the instant money enters the equation, the dynamics change. Publishers will sue in the drop of a hat to pull down fan fiction that is offered for money.<br />
<br />
So if you are a fledgling author, instead of trying to think of a grown-up Harry Potter novel, or what happens when Elvis Cole and Stephanie Plum are hired to work opposite ends of a case, think up your own characters. <br />
<br />
After all, that's the challenge and excitement of the creative process.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/27594459@N04/6291957142/">Anna Fischer</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">cc</a></span>Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-11014970385552346302013-09-12T18:22:00.000-07:002013-09-13T14:48:51.165-07:00Reality and Fiction: Part 3 - Writing Real People in Fiction<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP5nERfR-VuGfmV36aVOtz5AFMZC60nTOs9JRU1RPW0RfwkNdE2ycx_APNjTvXEtIVGldxvDKlsjL32LKJUdgQCUArPY8dAdQRihEIYm7VufMC5sXEqvn9wkHU09P2t4EOX_hV0Wh9qQd5/s1600/Abe+&+George.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP5nERfR-VuGfmV36aVOtz5AFMZC60nTOs9JRU1RPW0RfwkNdE2ycx_APNjTvXEtIVGldxvDKlsjL32LKJUdgQCUArPY8dAdQRihEIYm7VufMC5sXEqvn9wkHU09P2t4EOX_hV0Wh9qQd5/s320/Abe+&+George.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><span style="font-size: small;">George & Abe hunting vampires?</span></b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
After touching broadly on the legal principles, it's time to get down to practicalities:<br />
<br />
Can you use real people in your fiction?<br />
<br />
As I alluded to in my earlier post, the answer is a qualified yes.<br />
<br />
Example 1: You have your character have a chance run in with Martha Stewart in a posh Washington, D.C. restaurant. They exchange greetings and discuss mutual acquaintances, then go on their way.<br />
<br />
No problem here. Passing reference to Martha doesn't raise any issue about privacy, publicity or defamation.<br />
<br />
Example 2: Your character is in a posh Washington, DC restaurant when he sees Martha Stewart, in a drunken stupor, berate and throw a drink in the face of her waiter, stand on her table and pull up her skirt to reveal she is going commando and has a tattoo of Matt Lauer on her ass, then say something that reveals she is, in fact, the Georgetown Slasher, a vicious serial killer who leaves victims in the finest hotels in Washington surrounded by handmade candles and tasteful flower arrangements. <br />
<br />
Now we have a problem. It's not a right of privacy or publicity issue, but straight out defamation. Even though it is labeled fiction, it still exposes Ms. Stewart to a possible lowering of her reputation. And it would be hard to claim that the statement was not made with knowledge of falsity when in fact you are writing FICTION, which by definition is false.<br />
<br />
Example 3: Your earlier books have been made into successful movies - one by Clint Eastwood, and the other staring Matthew McConaughey - so you write them in to your later novels.<br />
<br />
No problem here. That's exactly what was done by best-selling author <i><b><a href="http://www.michaelconnelly.com/" target="_blank">Michael Connelly.</a></b></i> His novel <i>Blood Work</i> was made into a move directed by and staring Clint Eastwood. So when Connelly wrote the sequel <i>A Darkness More Than Night</i>, he included references to Eastwood and to the fact that a movie had been made about protagonist Terry McCaleb's heart transplant.<br />
<br />
Matthew McConaughey played the role of Connelly's character Mickey Haller in the movie version of <i>The Lincoln Lawyer</i>. In Connelly's sequels <i>The Brass Verdict, The Reversal and The Fifth Witness</i>, there are passing reference to his characters having encounters with McConaughey<br />
<br />
Example 4: Your character has various dealings with early industrial giants Henry Ford, Louis Chevrolet, and Thomas Edison.<br />
<br />
This is the context of <a href="http://www.amazon.com/D.-E.-Johnson/e/B003OI7I1E/ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_1?qid=1378652280&sr=8-1" target="_blank"><i><b>D.E. Johnson's</b></i> </a>series of books (<i>Detroit Electric Scheme, Motor City Shakedown, Detroit Shuffle</i>) set in Detroit in the early years of the auto industry. No problem here. They are dead. No defamation. No invasion of privacy. And because their deaths long preceded any rights of publicity laws, there is no concern there either. But since rights of publicity statutes exclude books, that issue doesn't exist in any event. <br />
<br />
Heck, you could even write a book about, say, Abraham Lincoln killing vampires. But then again, who would ever want to read something as far-fetched as that.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">photo credit: <a
href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/ableman/245089912/">Scott
Ableman</a> via <a
href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/">cc</a>
</span>Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-82939337007471030712013-09-09T08:11:00.000-07:002013-09-09T09:52:49.489-07:00Reality and Fiction: Part 2 - Adding real people to fiction - the legal background<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl2gITBIb_93e_QdeZyTc0cioKdLz1TFSt9WnEkXJvVy-5AMX2vJPxUOjGZafrBlzW8t4mFt_PlBONEwakvVlG7amN7qDK9BLLyu4-ibviuLiXXth6bZwHPnKcH6oijJYPQLuDn8jpcaC9/s1600/High_Treason_200.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl2gITBIb_93e_QdeZyTc0cioKdLz1TFSt9WnEkXJvVy-5AMX2vJPxUOjGZafrBlzW8t4mFt_PlBONEwakvVlG7amN7qDK9BLLyu4-ibviuLiXXth6bZwHPnKcH6oijJYPQLuDn8jpcaC9/s400/High_Treason_200.jpg" height="400" width="221" /></a>Best-selling author <i><b><a href="http://www.johngilstrap.com/" target="_blank">John Gilstrap</a>,</b></i> whose latest Jonathan Grave thriller <i>High Treason</i> is heading up the best-seller lists, made a comment to my last post. He raised the issue of intermixing real people in fiction.<br />
<br />
So can you have your main character have a chance encounter with Martha Stewart? Or Matthew McConaughey? Or Elvis?<br />
<br />
The short answer is yes -- but with qualifications.<br />
<br />
Let's start with a little legal background.<br />
<br />
The legal issues involving real-life people revolve around the right of privacy, the right of publicity, and libel. The rights of privacy, although recognized in some forms since the early 1900s, are still not uniformly recognized among the 50 states. Some aspects, such as commercial use of images without consent, are adopted by virtually all states. Public disclosure of truthful private facts, is another issue. Members of an evenly divided Indiana Supreme Court opined that the state constitutional provision providing that truth is an absolute defense in defamation actions, precludes any liability for truthful statements -- even the disclosure by a nurse to a plaintiff's co-worker that the plaintiff had AIDS.<br />
<br />
The right of publicity is a new concept. It was not recognized at common law, under which all personal rights to privacy, publicity and defamation died with the person. The legal adage is that you cannot defame a dead person.<br />
<br />
But prompted by the death of Elvis Presley, the Tennessee legislature enacted a statute giving the right of publicity for a deceased person to his estate. In the following years, some, but not all, states have passed statutes regarding the right of publicity.<br />
<br />
Generalizing, those statutes give the heirs all rights to use of the image, likeness and voice of the deceased person. So when you see a commercial using the image of Elvis Presley or the voice of Bing Crosby, someone is paying the estate (or more likely, a corporation set up by the estate).<br />
<br />
But those statutes have an exception for books. There would be significant First Amendment issues if the legislature tried to prohibit writing about people without their consent. Hence the exclusion.<br />
<br />
Finally, there is the issue of defamation. In short, defamation is an untruthful statement about a person that lowers that person's reputation in their profession or in the community. There are various standards that apply to defamation depending on whether the person is a public official, public figure, limited person public figure, or private person. But in general, the old common law still stands -- you can't defame a dead person.<br />
<br />
In the next post, I'll discuss the practical application of these laws to using real life people in fiction.<br />
<br />Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-67010799675286449342013-09-04T13:34:00.000-07:002013-09-08T07:19:47.470-07:00Reality and Fiction in Writing -- Part 1: Changing NamesBack from a bit of a hiatus --<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVWJZ9qVFrXjzqvrR0uzFTGfJgIjv5oiXaefOpMU02M53UdG7lpnocscuHXzl0d7-Af6iM-9aVM0NGeeBkZAH_0QW9EYv4T-jzOV4YHrKIG2GZ5n2hyphenhyphenmCIH3RmRpvk0GQQ4o47kY5Lg0_X/s1600/writing+001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVWJZ9qVFrXjzqvrR0uzFTGfJgIjv5oiXaefOpMU02M53UdG7lpnocscuHXzl0d7-Af6iM-9aVM0NGeeBkZAH_0QW9EYv4T-jzOV4YHrKIG2GZ5n2hyphenhyphenmCIH3RmRpvk0GQQ4o47kY5Lg0_X/s400/writing+001.jpg" width="265" /></a></div>
<br />
At the Midwest Writers Workshop, I was part of the Buttonhole the Experts session. The question that came up more than any other -- both in the short "buttonhole" sessions and in hallway discussions -- was about the interplay of real life and writing.<br />
<br />
The question came up primarily in three setting, all of which have arisen in my law practice. First, and seemingly more common, is the "fictionalizing" of real events, usually by slight changing of names or places. Second, is the use of real life people in works of fiction. Third is the issue of writing about people without their consent.<br />
<br />
The next installments of Law for Writers will address these issues.<br />
<br />
So how about fictionalizing real events?<br />
<br />
This seems to most commonly arise in the following scenario: Joan Smith is writing what effectively is a memoir. But because of family concerns, or because of fear that revelations will subject her to a lawsuit, she changes the names of the characters, and maybe even the location.<br />
<br />
So by changing the names, has Joan protected herself from libel?<br />
<br />
The quick answer is "NO."<br />
<br />
Just changing a name of a real life person to a made-up name does not protect the author from exposure to liability for defamation or even invasion of privacy. The general rule is that if a person can be identified, simply changing a name or using the label "fiction" will not provide the author with an impenetrable wall against liability.<br />
<br />
Now does that mean that one cannot use real life events as inspiration for fiction, or even as the basis for a work of fiction? Of course not. Much, if not most, fiction, is inspired by or drawn from real life. Often that is what gives fiction its believability. One of the classic American novels, Robert Penn Warren's All the King's Men, clearly was inspired by Louisiana Governor Huey Long. But it remained a work of pure fiction. It's characters were fictional, not just some account of real life persons and real life events with a simple name change. <br />
<br />
There maybe reasons for "fictionalizing" a memoir or a true account by changing names. Maybe it gives the author a way of dealing with disgruntled family members. If so, that is the choice of the author.<br />
<br />
But do not count on protecting yourself from liability by the simple expedient of a name change. It's a thin veil and the law has no difficulty seeing through it.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/jpaxonreyes/5034760960/">J. Paxon Reyes</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/">cc</a></span><br />
<br />Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7347590764093338128.post-13249684905207772802013-08-02T11:29:00.002-07:002013-08-02T11:29:18.189-07:00Robert Ebert and Life Itself: Worth Reading<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR89Trde2fruGkzmnbXfhQmubFcEvf2Bysd4rkAZcTCa2P_Qvtii1vP1mq_aw9zLnIFII-KWTdH3wXYSkqe1sMbWrr7dJ01lBtEsv-gWs9SaWCsqoW3-Ot8Qf6O58Z_tU7mNYTxLLXiBt0/s1600/Ebert+Life+Itself+cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR89Trde2fruGkzmnbXfhQmubFcEvf2Bysd4rkAZcTCa2P_Qvtii1vP1mq_aw9zLnIFII-KWTdH3wXYSkqe1sMbWrr7dJ01lBtEsv-gWs9SaWCsqoW3-Ot8Qf6O58Z_tU7mNYTxLLXiBt0/s400/Ebert+Life+Itself+cover.jpg" width="265" /></a>Within two weeks of reading Roger Ebert's autobiography Life Itself, I lost a law school <br />
classmate, a friend and business associate of nearly 20 years, and a cousin, all of whom died suddenly and without warning. It made Ebert's book and his reflections about life all the more poignant. <br />
<br />
Live Itself is a stunning accomplishment - not just for the very act of
writing a book with all the maladies that Roger Ebert was suffering at
the time - but for the book, the life it recounts, and the soul it
reflects.<br />
<br />
From the delicious humor of a chapter dedicated to the
perfection of Steak and Shake, to recounting of long walks through
London and Venice, to the remarkable people with whom his life was
filled (including Gene Siskel, Studs Terkel, Russ Meyer and Robert Mitchum), this
book is to be treasured. The story of Mitchum, his agent &
Ebert trying to find a closed workhouse outside Pittsburgh where Mitchum
was shooting a movie that he signed up for by mistake is laugh-out-loud
funny. So too is the story of a bathtub resurrection scene envisioned by Ebert and filmed by Meyer for a vampire skinflick, only for the scene to end up on the cutting room floor while the off-chance filming of nearby truckers recruited to carry the bathtub to a precarious hilltop perch made it to the screen.<br />
<br />
And above all, Ebert tells of the love of his life, his wife
Chaz.<br />
<br />
But in the end, it is Roger Ebert who is the most amazing
person in these pages. With the end clearly in sight (Ebert died in April of this year), he reflects on an illness that took away his ability to eat,
to drink, to converse, or to take those treasured long walks. He misses food, but misses the social aspect of dining with friends more. He misses his walks, but can reconstruct them step by step from his memory. Remarkably, he still
finds contentment and happiness.<br />
<br />
Ebert concludes the book by contemplating his own mortality and
the greater questions of Man's place among the universe. He does so with a calmness
of vision, a clarity of thought, and without fear. <br />
<br />
Ebert takes an honest look at himself, his travels, his
family and friends and -- at life itself. And in doing so, he makes all
of us the richer for it.<br />
<br />
If you are looking for a book to read as summer moves so quickly into autumn, consider Life Itself. It is well worth reading.
Stephen Terrellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18161782294688746333noreply@blogger.com1